SELAT BOSPHORUS - ISTANBUL TURKEY

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Bosphorus

Jambatan yg menghubunkan Eropah dan Asia, waktu pagi dgn kabus tebal.

Selat Bosphorus adalah selat semula jadi yang menghubungi Laut Hitam dengan 

Laut Marmara dan merupakan laluan selat yang amat strategik. Selat ini yang asal pada zaman Tertiary adalah sebatang sungei yang kemudian tengelam disebabkan oleh kenaikan paras laut, yang serupa berlaku dengan selat Melaka. Selat ini berukuran 32 kilometer dari utara hingga selatan dan berkeluasan sekitar 730 meter hingga 3 Kilometer di bahagian2 tertentu. Dalam selat ini diantara 30 – 120 meters.

Bahagian bawah kapal yang kami naiki menyelusuri Selat Bosphorus.

Selat Bosphorus menjadi sempadan pemisahan benua Eropah dan Benua Asia. Bosphorus yang asal nya bahasa Thraciar yang bermakna lembu. Aliran air nya dari utara menghala ke selatan kadang kala menjadikan selat ini berombak kuat disebabkan oleh arus air diatas dasar yang tidak merata. Terlalu banyak cerita dongeng dan mitos yang dikaitkan dengan selat Bosphoros tentang peristiwa dewa dewi dizaman pemerintahan Greek Tua ribuan tahun dahulu.

Selat Bosphorus yang sentiasa sibuk.

Bosphoros dalam bahasa Turki disebut Bogazi atau selat bahagian dalam. Sejak pada zaman dahulu lagi selat ini menyimpan seribu satu peristiwa yang melalui pemerintahan yang sering bertukar ganti. Sejak zaman pra sejarah, Greek Tua, Greco Roman dan abad terkemudian, Roman Byzantine, dan zamanpemerintahan khalifah Islam.

Kabin bawah, kapal cruis yg kami naiki.

Selat Bosphorus adalah selat yang amat sibuk menjadi laluan utama dari laut Mediterani untuk ke laut Hitam juga menjadi penhubung selat Dardanelles. Semasa zaman perang dingin antara Amerika dan Soviet laluan selat ini sangat penting bagi angkatan armada laut Soviet. Selat Bosphorus di lalui hampir 50,000 buah kapal besar dan kecil juga laluan kapal tangki minyak, dan kepadatan kapal yang melalui selat Bosphorus melebihi 4 kali ganda jumlah kapal yang melalui selat Suez Canal dan Selat Panama Canal.

Selat Bosphorus dari Kubur diktator Kamal Ataturk

Selat ini amat penting bagi penduduk Istanbul, selain selatnya yang indah berombak biru, hampir sepanjang selat dikiri dan kanannya dijadikan kawasan penempatan yang indah dengan gaya Eropah yang mewah. Terdapat begitu banyak tepian selat yang di hias indah dengan taman-taman bunga dan kawasan riadah yang dibina khas untuk penduduk bandaraya Istanbul.

Di Bukit Camlica atau Yedetepe, Panorama Bosphorus

Selain dari keindahan pemandangan disepanjang kri dan kanan selat, hampir setiap masa ada sahaja kapal layar dan feri-feri serta Restoren terapung yang menyusuri selat ini. Ramai pelancung mengambil kesempatan bersantai, menjamu selera diatas kapal yang diubah suai menjadi restoren terapung sambil menikmati suasana indah baik siang atau malam di sepanjang selat Bosphorus.

Bkt Yedetepe, melihat keindahan Selat dari atas bukit.

Selat Bosphorus menjadi tumpuan penduduk Istanbul pada musim panas dimana mereka akan menghabiskan masa menikmati keindahan Selat Bosphorus dari taman-taman rekreasi yang banyak terdapat disepanjang selat. Antara tumpuan adalah Bukit Calmica, sebuah taman rekraesi dan juga taman bunga yang sangat indah. Pengunjung akan merasakan keindahan selat Bosphorus dari kawasan Bukit Calmica ini.

Taman Camlica Hill yang terbentang luas.

English: 

Bosphorus is a natural strait connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, thus being a very strategic waterway. It was a river in the valley during the Tertiary period of the continents, which was drowned by the sea at the end of this period. Its length is 32 kilometers (20 miles) in the north-to-south direction, its width varies between 730-3300 meters (800-3600 yards), and its depth is between 30-120 meters (100-395 feet). The Bosphorus strait separates the European part from the Asian part of Istanbul. The surface current flows always from north to south; however, a strong countercurrent under the surface creates swirls and eddies

Pemandagan Selat Bosphorus dari jambatan yang merentasi nya.

Bosphorus comes from a Thracian word which means "passage of the cow", deriving from the legend of Io who was one of many lovers of Zeus. When Hera, Zeus' wife, suspected her husband being involved in a love affair with Io, Zeus converted Io in a small cow and tried to send her away from Hera's rage. She (the cow) swam across the strait but Hera discovered it and she sent big flies after the cow to bite and disturb her all the time, ending Io in the Aegean Sea (thus named Ionian sea.

Bosphorus in Turkish is known as Bogazici, meaning "inner strait". Since the ancient times it held an important role because of its strategic location, being the only passage from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean, along with the Dardanelles strait. Especially during the Cold War, the straits were crucial for Soviet navy..

Bunga Tulip segar di puncak Bkt Camlica.

Bosphorus is a very busy waterway with many ships and oil tankers going through it, as well as local fishing and ferries go to the Asian side back and forth. Around 48.000 ships pass through this strait annually, three times denser than the Suez Canal traffic and four times denser than the Panama Canal. Approximately 55 million tonnes of oil are shipped through the strait each year.

There are two suspension bridges on the Bosphorus connecting Europe to Asia (or vice versa). The first one is known as the "Bosphorus Bridge" and was opened on 29th October 1973 between the Beylerbeyi and Ortakoy neighborhoods. It's 1074 meters (1175 yards) long between two pillars, has 6 lanes, and 165 meters (540 feet) height of piers. The second one is known as "Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge" (or FSM Bridge shortly) and was opened in 3rd July 1988 between Anadolu Hisari and Rumeli Hisari neighborhoods. This one is 1090 meters (1192 yards) long, has 8 lanes, and is 65 meters high from the water surface. The FSM bridge is a part of the TEM highway (Trans European between Ankara and Edirne provinces. 

Both bridges are tolled which is paid during the passage to the Asian direction only. On both bridges only vehicles with electronic pass system (called OGS or HGS) are accepted, no cash. No bicycles nor pedestrian traffic is allowed on them. The construction of the third suspension bridge was started in May 2013 by a consortium of Italian and Turkish companies, planning to complete it by the end of 2015 Motorway. between Ankara and Edirne provinces. Both bridges are tolled which is paid during the passage to the Asian direction only. On both bridges only vehicles with electronic pass system (called OGS or HGS) are accepted, no cash. No bicycles nor pedestrian traffic is allowed on them. The construction of the third suspension bridge was started in May 2013 by a consortium of Italian and Turkish companies, planning to complete it by the end of 2015

 between Ankara and Edirne provinces. Both bridges are tolled which is paid during the passage to the Asian direction only. On both bridges only vehicles with electronic pass system (called OGS or HGS) are accepted, no cash. No bicycles nor pedestrian traffic is allowed on them. The construction of the third suspension bridge was started in May 2013 by a consortium of Italian and Turkish companies, planning to complete it by the end of 2015

.

Di atas Bukit Camlica

The tunnel between Uskudar and Yenikapi neighborhoods was put into service in October 2013. It's a big project constructed by Japanese companies, which is delayed for 4 years due to technical reasons and archaeological findings. This tunnel connects only railways/subways between Europe and Asia, not motor vehicles. Nowadays another tunnel is under construction between Kazlicesme neighborhood in Europe and Goztepe neighborhood in Asia and it will serve to the cars. This project is called "Eurasia tunnel" and is planned to be completed by 2016.

Tulip Juning yang masih segar.

Selat Bosphorus dari Bkt Camlica.

Bosphorus is one of the most popular areas of Istanbul for its inhabitants, especially during Summer for its climate. Its shores are lined with fine neighborhoods, Ottoman palaces, fortresses, old wooden villas, hotels, parks and gardens, restaurants, cafeterias, and so on.Some of the interesting neighborhoods on the Bosphorus are:Besiktas, Ortaköy, Arnavutköy, Bebek, Rumelihisar, Emirgan, Tarabya, Yeniköy, Istinye, Sariyer, Üsküdar, Kanlica, Beykoz, Anadoluhisar, Beylerbeyi, Cengelköy, and many others. Best way to see these sites would be taking a nice boat trip along the Bosphorus. Some of the interesting neighborhoods on the Bosphorus are:Besiktas, Ortaköy, Arnavutköy, Bebek, Rumelihisar, Emirgan, Tarabya, Yeniköy, Istinye, Sariyer, Üsküdar, Kanlica, Beykoz, Anadoluhisar,Beylerbeyi, Cengelköy, and many others. Best way to see these sites would be taking a nice boat trip along the Bosphorus.